Luxmburg

Rosa Luxemburg was born on 1871, in Zamosc, Congress Poland, then a part of the Russian Empire, to Avraham-Edward a town leader and to Lena nee Lewenstein. She was murdered on January 1919, in Berlin by Fascists mebers of the Freikorps movemont

As a radical opponent to the Tzarist dictatorship, she had to flee in 1889 from Poland (to Zürich, Schweiz).
Rosa deeply opposed any nationalism, would it be Polish, German or Russian, setting up wide circles against herself. She advocated that the proletariat should rebel against Capitalism anywhere, no matter which ethnic or national group they belong to. Only following these revolutions, they may demand political and national freedom. Following the failing 1905 Russian revolution, she believed that the world-wide revolution would start in Russia

During the years 1907-1914 Rosa stayed in Berlin, where she studied, taught and wrote. Rosa, then a pivotal trade union activist. opposed the integration of the Social Democrate German Party in the government at the start of the 20th century. Together with her commerade Karl Liebknecht she founded “Spertacus League (Spartakusbund)”, the mother of the German Comunist Party. As a pacifist she was arrested during the World War I, being deeply disappointed by the aggressive standpoint taken by the laborers anywhere in Europe. She was pardoned at the end of the war. Being a convinced democrate she was an opponent to the tyrany of Lenin

In her jail she continued writing poetry and essays, translated to many languages

On 15 January, following violent protest of Spartacus League angainst the Government, she was abducted and btrought aong with Karl Liebknecht to Eden Hotel. There they were tortured and beaten to death. Two weeks after her murder, her supposed body was found and burried in Berlin, and at the center of Berlin there is a square named after her


Rosa Luxemburg (right) with friend and colleague Clara Zetkin (nee Eissner) (1857-1933) (picture taken from Wikipedia)

(written by Israel Schek)